C Tutorial

1. C Introduction

What C is, why it still matters for kernels and embedded systems, and compiling your first program with gcc.

2. C Syntax & Variables

Types, operators, control flow, functions, and the basics of header files in C.

3. Pointers & Arrays

Address-of and dereference, pointer arithmetic, array decay, and strings as char arrays, with a real swap example.

4. Memory Management in C

malloc, calloc, realloc, free, structs, function pointers, and avoiding a real use-after-free bug.

5. File I/O in C

fopen, fread, fwrite, fclose, reading a file line by line with fgets, and checking every error properly.

6. Multi-File Programs and the Build Process

Header files, include guards, compiling multiple .c files together, object files, and a minimal Makefile.

7. Debugging with gdb

Compiling with -g, breakpoints, stepping through code, printing and watching variables, and a real bug found live.

8. C Interview Questions

Commonly asked C interview questions on pointer arithmetic, malloc vs calloc, and struct padding.